Elephant Island The Birds

Livingston Island, as part of the South Shetland Islands, is more north than the Antarctic peninsula. It has more rocky land with less snow and ice cover, and generally has (comparatively) milder climates, and so plays host to a greater variety of wildlife. One thing you don't normally think about, but in several of the pictures you'll notice red or green lichen and mosses in small patches on the rocks. Further south there's no moss and very, very little lichen (it can take a century to grow an inch), so even going north this small distance, you can see the effects it has on the local ecology.


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